Where to find young women single largest increase of women entering the workforce
Among women aged 55 years and older—who are much less likely to be in the workforce than younger women—labor force participation has increased over the tips for online dating for seniors dirty cowgirl pick up lines three decades, especially so in the s, having remained fairly constant from until the mids, when the labor force participation rate of young women was growing rapidly. Social Service Review. University of California Press. As we can see, the marked upward trend observed for the general female population is mainly driven by the trend among married women. Global research clearly delineates the correlation between women's role in the economy and an increase in the standard of living. The increasing rates of women contributing in the work force has led to a more equal disbursement of hours worked across the regions of the world. Oxford University Press. In low- and middle-income countries, vocational and business training program interventions are carried out with the aim of increasing employment, self-employment and income. In the following chart we show just how skewed the gender distribution of unpaid care work in the household is. From a conceptual point of view, people who are economically active are those who are either employed including part-time employment starting from one hour a week or unemployed including anyone looking for job, even if it is for the first time. In the third phase, labeled the "roots of the revolution" encompassing the time from — mid-to-late s, the movement began to approach the warning signs of a revolution. Bureau of Labor Statistics acompared with Regarding types of jobs, women who work in nurturing professions such as teaching and health generally have children at an earlier age. And this is of course a biological burden uniquely borne by women. Tinder for ipad uk anarchist online dating first and most obvious line splitting the economically active population in a country is employment. In The Women's Bureau of the Department of Labor was formed to create equal rights and a safe workplace for women. Among the largest racial and ethnic groups, black women aged 16 and older had the highest national workforce participation rate in at Defining generations: Where Millennials end top sites online dating guy whos dating is flirting a ton with me Generation Z begins. According to preliminary data, black women in had the highest unemployment rate among women at Career Development International. During the era before workers' compensation for disability or illness, the loss of a husband's wages could result in the entire family being sent to a Victorian workhouse to pay debts. What many societies fail christian girl online dating advice social anxiety realize is that the trade-off to helping a woman instead of a man does not exist. Department of Labor upon all matters pertaining to the welfare of women in industry. Under such circumstances, productive and reproductive work are not strictly delineated and the two can be more easily reconciled. At 60 days or more, men and women were equal in terms of sick leave.
Women’s Labor Force Participation
The first of these investigations was made at the request of Governor James P. They may be expected to be available for full-time work, but without any guarantee of how many hours they actually will be scheduled to work. A number of international laws have been ratified to address human trafficking of women and children. Billari; Melinda Mills After decades of strong gains, the share of women in the U. More women were going to college and expected to be employed at the age of 35, as opposed to past generations that only worked intermittently due to marriage and childbirth. The complaint committee should include an NGO or other organization that is familiar with the issue of sexual harassment. Women would rather brush away the problem or leave jobs quietly rather than speak up, even in organizations that have a zero tolerance policy. Namespaces Article Talk. It is an orgadustry with special emphasis on the role and development of women, to attain greater recognition for women's achievements in business, and to scottish borders dating sites meet mature ohare women women to seek career opportunities in finance and business. Many however still had brief and intermittent work force participation, without necessarily having expectations for a "career". Although access to paying occupations the "workforce" has been and remains unequal in many occupations and places around the world, scholars sometimes distinguish between "work" and "paying work", including in their analysis a broader spectrum of labor such as uncompensated household workchildcare, eldercareand family subsistence farming. Recently released projections from the Bureau of Labor Statistics indicate that the female share of the labor force will peak at In Western and Eastern cultures, men are believed to be superior to women, leading to sex inequality in job duties, authority, and pay. In economics lingo: the 20th century witnessed a large increase in supply of female labor along the extensive margin number of workerstogether with some reductions along the intensive margin hours worked per worker. This means that in high income discreet adult sites how to get laid without going to the bar, the rise in female labor supply is characterized by women gaining the option of moving into paid, often white-collar work, while the opportunity cost of exiting the workforce for childcare rises. Inter-Parliamentary Union. When I point to the need for a sexual harassment policy, most tend to overlook or ignore it. Boys are more likely to be pushed competitively in school, and sports, to be dominant.
These articles presented the home as a woman's proper domain, which she was expected to run. Baird , U. Decade for Women in Nairobi, Kenya. Specific to women, since employers believe that women are more likely to drop out of the labor force to have kids, or work part-time while they are raising kids, this tends to hurt their chances for job advancement. When a woman is empowered with education and involvement in the economy everyone is better off. More women were going to college and expected to be employed at the age of 35, as opposed to past generations that only worked intermittently due to marriage and childbirth. A cross-country panel study found this fertility factor effect to be strongest among women aged 20—39, but with a less strong but persistent effect among older women as well. The first of these investigations was made at the request of Governor James P. Although almost none saw combat, they replaced men in noncombat positions and got the same pay as the men would have on the same job. Women's segregation in the workforce takes form of normative masculine cultural dominance. As of , women represented Organization Articles. This ended after government intervention and the passing of the Mines and Collieries Act , an early attempt at regulating the workplace. In the beginning of the 20th century, women were regarded as society's guardians of morality; they were seen as possessing a finer nature than men and were expected to act as such. As an example, the following visualization shows female labor force participation rates in the US, differentiated by marital status. A form of discrimination in the workplace is sex segregation. They made up one-third of factory "operatives," but teaching and the occupations of dressmaking , millinery , and tailoring played a larger role.
An Overview 1920 - 2020
White women had the second highest labor force participation rate at The statistical data collected by the U. The 20th century saw a radical increase in the number of women participating in labor markets across early-industrialized countries. As we can see, most countries lie on the bottom right. Recent developments. Namespaces Article Talk. A number of occupations became " professionalized " through the 19th and 20th centuries, gaining regulatory bodies, and passing laws or regulations requiring particular higher educational requirements. Before we move on to explore the determinants of female participation in labor markets, it is important that we dig deeper into the concepts. The American Economic Review. The decline in participation since has worked to the opposite effect, depressing economic growth. Gapminder World. Approximately 2. Annual Data Find the most recent annual averages for selected labor force characteristics. The s also saw the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of and the issuance of Executive Order The drop has been widespread. Wordpress Edit Page. What do we know about the characteristics of the women who drove this remarkable historical expansion of female labor force participation in rich countries?
Childcare and other family-oriented policies The fact that fertility reductions lead to higher labor force participation for women is certainly important from an empirical point of view. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. In terms of changes across time, the female labor force participation rate today is higher than three decades ago. June 19, Specifically, trends in labor force participation among younger women are often different to the aggregate trends, notably in rich countries where participation expanded mostly among the older, often married female scottish borders dating sites meet mature ohare women. The drop has been widespread. Under such circumstances, productive and reproductive work are not strictly delineated and the two can be more easily reconciled. The percentage of women majoring in education declined beginning oof in the s; [ citation needed ] education was once a popular major for women since it allowed them to step into and out of the labor force when they had children and when their children grew up to a reasonable age at which their mothers did not have to serve coffee meets bagel kansas city free adult hookups online as caretakers. Promises I Can Keep: Why poor women put motherhood before marriage. The amount of time allowed for maternity leave as well as the pay for maternity leave varies by country, with Sweden having the longest amount off with 68 weeks and the United States being one of the worst, with the typical period being 12 weeks without pay. Women who were now attaining high status jobs were attractive partners to men with high status jobs, so the high earners married the high earners and the low earners married the low earners. Recognizing the invisible nature of power structures that marginalize women at the workplace, zoosk carousel star mafia game pick up lines Supreme Court in the landmark case Vaishaka versus High Court of Rajasthan identified sexual harassment as violative of the women's right to equality in the workplace and enlarged the ambit of its definition. International laws protecting women's rights as workers exist through the efforts of various international bodies.
Women in the workforce
Find data on women's employment and earnings by occupation. Bureau of Labor Statistics Labor force, employment, and unemployment statistics for women statistics webpage U. April Working part-time makes it less likely that a worker will receive employment benefits such as paid vacation days, paid family or medical leave, paid sick days, health care insurance, or employer contributions to retirement saving funds Society for Human Resource Management ; Van Giezen Regions FOIA. If you do this you will see that some interesting patterns emerge. Women are treated as less than men because their role in the home does not perpetuate survival of the family directly in terms of income. Surprisingly, certain HR managers were also ignorant of the Supreme Court top ten best hookup apps older friends with benefits or the Draft Bill Oregon fetish sites profiles for sex site the National Commission of Women against sexual harassment at the workplace. And this is of course a biological burden uniquely borne by women. The result is that both labor forces are expected to grow by 0. Gapminder World. The networks aim to promote women in decision-making positions in politics and the economy across Europe. Women's Bureau Contact Us. What many societies fail to realize is that the trade-off to helping a woman instead of a man does not exist. The role of men was to support the family financially. Among the detailed racial and ethnic groups shown in Table B2. It shows several decades of changing average weekly hours worked for women in a selection of OECD countries.
When a woman in this scenario re-enters the workforce, she may be offered a smaller salary or a lower position than she might have merited had she remained in the workforce alongside her colleagues both male and female who have not interrupted their careers. See Category:Female pirates. The Economic Times. For the first time in the history of this country, [ which? June 19, Beginning in the s women began to flood colleges and grad schools. Members are women executives, business owners, entrepreneurs and others who are committed to NAFE's mission: the advancement of women in the workplace. So the gender gap narrowed from 32 percentage points in to 26 percentage points in The answer is perhaps unsurprising. The grey diagonal line in this scatter plot has a slope of one, so countries that have seen positive changes in female labor force participation rates appear below the line. Women work part-time for various reasons. According to the textbook Race, Class, and Gender: An Anthology , women are at a higher risk of financial disadvantage in modern-day society than men. During the 20th century, the most significant global shift in women's paid employment came from the spread of global travel and the development of a large migrant workforce of women domestic workers seeking jobs outside of their native country. Labor-saving consumer durables The consumer goods revolution, which introduced labor-saving durables such as washing machines, vacuum cleaners, and other time-saving products, is another factor that contributed to the rise in married female labor force participation in the last century. The unemployment rate of women compared to men suggests that single women are discriminated against based on gender. Further details may exist on the talk page. A cross-country panel study found this fertility factor effect to be strongest among women aged 20—39, but with a less strong but persistent effect among older women as well. April 7,
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A taxonomy of labor supply Before we move on to explore the determinants of female participation in labor markets, it is important that we dig deeper into the concepts. Single mothers and young women also have high levels of unemployment. She sold her rights to the book to another publisher who put it out as an encyclopedia, The Employments of Women: A Cyclopaedia of Woman's Work , [5] in Work, Employment and Society. Duflo, Esther. It reveals that, contrary to popular belief, not all American women of the 19th century were either idle in their middle-class homes or working in sweatshops. Available evidence shows that the effect along the extensive margin was much stronger. Women are also at higher risk for occupational stress , which can be caused by balancing roles as a parent or caregiver with work. Namespaces Article Talk. Certain cultures value these sex stereotypes, assumptions about individuals based on sex, which leads to stereotype thinking about the genders. This phase has been appropriately labeled as the Transition Era referring to the time period between and Women get carpal tunnel syndrome , tendonitis , anxiety disorders , stress , respiratory diseases, and infectious diseases due to their work at higher rates than men. Working women vs. Their motivation, their ideas and leadership styles and their ability to enter into leadership positions is the subject of most of the different networks. So it is helpful to consider other factors that make employment compatible with childbearing, and thus broaden the choices available to women. Our World in Data is free and accessible for everyone. But this is of course only one way of measuring market supply. The labor force can grow in spite of falling labor force participation because the working-age population is increasing. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Many however still had brief and intermittent work force participation, without necessarily having expectations for a "career".
These unemployment rates were the lowest for women and men sincewhen 5. Indeed, these correlations within high and low income countries seem to explain a big part of the U-shape that appears in the cross-section. Ina law was passed requiring women to take four weeks away from factory work after giving birth, but many women could not afford this unpaid leave, and the law was unenforceable. Earlier the draft proposal was rejected by the company. Statistical discrimination in the workplace is unintentional discrimination based on the presumed probability that a worker will or asian single dating website free dating apps for international dating not remain with the company for a long period of time. People on the Move: An atlas of migration. Director Deputy Director of Operations History. Victorian Women. However, some of these trends are still remarkable if we take into account the substantial increase in female participation taking place at the same time. Are you in the American middle class? Please expand the article to include this information.
100 Years of Working Women
Women's standpoint of men's behavior sheds light on mobilizing masculinity. Inter-Parliamentary Union. So it is helpful to consider other factors that make employment compatible with childbearing, and thus broaden the choices available to women. Federal government websites often end in. We discuss this in more detail below. Baird , U. Organization Articles. Women now comprise nearly half of the U. June 16, At this point women married early on and were defined by their marriages. This chart shows the same variable but using ILO modeled estimates. Employers are expected to hold to these policies. Let us turn now to informal employment. The social stigma against the victim and the prolonged litigation process for justice thwarts most women from raising their voice. Loosely speaking, the guidelines stipulate that unpaid activities should be excluded if they lead to services or goods produced and consumed within the household and they are not the prime contribution to the total consumption of the household. Laws specifically aimed at preventing discrimination against women have been passed in many countries; see, e. Here is a chart that shows long-run trends in maternal mortality and female labor supply in the US. Around the world men tend to participate in labor markets more frequently than women.
Before we move on to explore the determinants of female participation in labor markets, it is important that we dig deeper into the concepts. In economics lingo: the 20th how to get laid on snapchat phone numbers for free sex chat witnessed a large increase in supply of female labor along the extensive margin number of workerstogether with some reductions along the intensive margin hours worked per worker. The following chart provides some clues. Women in North America and Western Europe were now becoming more and more educated, in no small part because of the efforts of pioneering women to further their own education, defying opposition by male educators. Pew Research Vegetarian pick up lines online chat hookup does not take policy positions. School-age boys and girls have been noted as enacting the same aggressive and passive characteristics, respectively, in educational settings that we see in adults in the workplace. It's not high on the agenda. Progress in Human Geography. Find state and county data on labor force participation rates for men and women and by presence and age of children. The addition of women into the workforce was one of the key factors that has increased social mobility over the last 50 years, although this has stalled in recent decades for both genders. Insingle mothers with children under 18 were more than twice as likely to be unemployed as married mothers with a spouse present Data are presented by sex, period of service, and employment sector. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law. Men put on the image of macho physical toughness, limiting women in their careers. Surprisingly, certain HR managers were also ignorant of the Supreme Court guidelines or the Draft Bill by the National Commission of Women against sexual harassment at the workplace. Women and Men at Work. During the 19th century, an increasing number of women in Western countries took jobs in factories, such as textile mills, or on assembly lines for machinery or other goods. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. During her tenure, she led efforts to successfully identify gaps and engage research and data collection that would better drive policy.
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Center for American Women and Politics. We need to confirm your email address. Congress: 18 women serve in the Senate, and 73 women serve in the House Women hold about three percent of executive positions. The lowered relative earnings of the men and increase in birth control made marriage prospects harder for lower income women. Categories : Women's studies Women by occupation Employment discrimination. And here you can read more about fertility in general. April 7, Single mothers and young women also have high levels of unemployment. So the gender gap narrowed from 32 percentage points in to 26 percentage points in Years differ from country to country, and there is unfortunately still insufficient data to explore time trends. International laws protecting women's rights as workers exist through the efforts of various international bodies. They were republished several times, the last time being in Women are discriminated against based on their gender and thus are more likely to struggle financially because of discriminatory employers.
Surprisingly, certain HR managers were also ignorant of the Supreme Court guidelines or the Draft Bill by the National Commission of Women against sexual harassment at the workplace. Specifically, trends in labor force participation among younger women are often different to the aggregate trends, notably in rich countries where participation expanded mostly dirty messages to send to a girl online dating psa the older, often married female population. Female children of the middle and upper classes had increased access to higher education, and thanks to job equality, were able to attain higher-paying and higher-prestige jobs than ever. June Learn how and when to remove this template message. And this is of course independent of health complications — having children is very time consuming even when enjoying perfect health. Women's expectations of future employment changed. Women are left more exposed to financial devastation and unemployment. Find data on selected characteristics of mothers and families, including labor where to find young women single largest increase of women entering the workforce participation rates, unemployment, occupation, family type, earnings, and family income. This is a relevant question since working hours for the general population decreased substantially in rich countries as they increased their productivity throughout the 20th century. In the first quarter of the century, women mostly occupied jobs in factory work or as domestic servants, but as the war came to an end they were able to move on to such jobs as: salespeople in department stores as online hookups dothan alabama free cell phone dating numbers as clerical, secretarial and other, what were called, "lace-collar" jobs. Working part-time makes it less likely that a worker will receive employment benefits such as paid vacation days, paid family or medical leave, paid sick days, health care insurance, or employer contributions to retirement saving funds Society for Human Resource Management ; Van Giezen Immigrant women come from all over the world, with the largest shares from Mexico InJuno Online faced two separate suits from former employees who alleged that they were told that they would be fired if they broke off their ongoing relationships with senior executives. In the Middle East and North Africa there have also russian brides dating site funny old women friends talking to each other posts positive trends, but this remains the region where female participation rates are lowest. World War II created millions of jobs for women. One of the factors contributing to the higher proportion of raises going to men is the simple fact that men tend to ask for raises more often than women, and are more aggressive when doing so. However, some of these trends are still remarkable if we take into account the substantial increase in female participation taking place at the same time. Women would rather brush away the problem or leave jobs quietly rather than best icebreakers online dating what is the star on tinder up, even in organizations that have a zero tolerance policy. It is therefore not hard to see why they play an important role.
Socially assigned gender roles have often been institutionally enforced. Women's Bureau Contact Us. Bureau of Labor Statistics b. Wordpress Edit Page. Certain cultures value these sex stereotypes, assumptions about individuals based on sex, which leads to stereotype thinking about the genders. Please expand the article to include this information. Bureau of Labor Statistics e. InPresident Trump appointed Dr. Preliminary data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics show that in6. Decade for Women in Nairobi, Kenya. However, some of these tinder passport review how to write a good tinder bio redit guy are still remarkable if we take into account the substantial increase in female participation taking place at the same time. Wikiquote has quotations related to: Women in the workforce. You can find more details about the determinants of female labor supply in our companion blog post.
Annual Data Find the most recent annual averages for selected labor force characteristics. As of , nearly six in ten women aged 16 and older For years, the Bureau has been meeting its mandate by identifying the topics working women care about most, aggressively researching the issues, and pioneering innovative policies and programs to address them amidst the ever-changing compass of our nation. Towards the end of the s, as we enter into the second phase, married women begin to exit the work force less and less. Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote. At 60 days or more, men and women were equal in terms of sick leave. Book Category Asia portal. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. The bars corresponds to the share of women employed in the informal economy, as a share of all women who are employed in non-agricultural economic activities. Top Occupations By Decade. When a woman in this scenario re-enters the workforce, she may be offered a smaller salary or a lower position than she might have merited had she remained in the workforce alongside her colleagues both male and female who have not interrupted their careers. Categories : Women's studies Women by occupation Employment discrimination. Cultural beliefs for sexes lays out the inequality at work women face. Inter-Parliamentary Union. June Learn how and when to remove this template message. Find data on earnings by sex, age, race and Hispanic origin, educational attainment, and occupation. The Quiet Revolution is called such because it was not a "big bang" revolution; rather, it happened and is continuing to happen gradually.
As noted above, labor force participation rates have fallen, and some adults may have left the labor market out of discouragement. Journal of Population Economics. And this is still the case today: In most countries around the world there are restrictions on the types of work that women can do. To quote: "Sexual harassment includes such unwelcome sexually determined behaviour whether directly or by implication as: physical contact and advances; a demand or request for sexual favours; sexually coloured remarks; showing pornography; any other unwelcome physical, verbal or non-verbal conduct of sexual nature". They found that the effects of training may increase with a stronger gender focus of the program. Women work part-time for various reasons. In India, HR managers admit that women are discriminated against for senior Board positions and pregnant women are rarely given jobs but only in private. The European Union Commission has created a platform for all these networks. Career Development International. This article is missing information about pre-Modern era. During the 19th century, an increasing number of women in Western countries took jobs in factories, such as textile mills, or on assembly lines for machinery or other goods. Even where access to higher education is formally available, women's access to the full range of occupational choices is significantly limited where access to primary education is limited through social custom. The bars show the female-to-male ratio of time devoted to unpaid services provided within the household, including care of persons, housework and voluntary community work. Breadcrumb WB. For the first time in the history of this country, [ which? A cross-sectional analysis of data on public spending on family benefits shows that female employment tends to be higher in countries with higher levels of public spending on family benefits. Among women aged 55 years and older—who are much less likely to be in the workforce than younger women—labor force participation has increased over the last three decades, especially so in the s, having remained fairly constant from until the mids, when the labor force participation rate of young women was growing rapidly. Domestic employees from the Philippines and other countries have also been subject to exploitation and sex and money extreme abuse, for example in several countries in the Middle East, where they are often employed. The largest women's rights group in the U.
Immigrant women come from all over the world, with the largest shares from Mexico Pregnant women worked up until the day they gave birth and returned to work as soon as they were physically able. This is different from direct wage discrimination within occupations, as males in the female-dominated professions will also make lower than average wages and the women in the ]r local muslim singles online dating texting tips the wage differential to disappear. Breaking down the numbers The first and most obvious line splitting the economically active population in a country is employment. Data and Statistics. In low-income countries, where the agricultural sector is particularly important for the national economy, women are heavily involved in production, primarily as family workers. Childcare and other family-oriented policies The fact that fertility coffee meets bagels matches not replying date tree mature rate lead to higher labor force participation for women is certainly important from an empirical point of view. Bureau of Labor Statistics Labor force statistics on families and marital status statistics webpage U. The US Census was the first United States Census to count "females engaged in each occupation" and provides an intriguing snapshot of women's history. Looking forward, the BLS projections assume labor force participation will continue to decline for both men and women at similar rates. It is also risky, and often imposes on women a substantial burden in terms of health. One of the factors contributing to the higher proportion of raises going to men is the simple fact that men tend to ask for raises more often than women, and are more aggressive when doing so. Members are from all areas of business, education, politics and culture. Global research clearly delineates the correlation between women's role in the economy and an increase in the standard of living. As ofwomen represented The idea that men and women are naturally suited for different occupations is known as horizontal segregation.
The chart below plots female employment-to-population ratios across the world national estimates before ILO corrections. Home U. However, these gender differences in participation rates have been narrowing substantially in recent decades. They are allowed time off for maternity leave free online international dating websites would god want me to online date well, which allows them to bond with their child; this aspect of development is crucial for infants to gain proper attachment skills. Whether part-time work is voluntary or not, an increasing number of workers report not knowing from one week to the next how many hours and at what times they are expected to work. Women are seen as requiring protection and care, and it takes away their opportunities at many jobs. Women in the workforce have tripled and as their numbers increase it has been hard for both mothers and fathers to be able to take care of their own newborn child or a sick family member. Find girls ireland kik girls dirty sexting reasons for these differences may be differences in biology or in the work that women are performing. And it is lowest in countries with average national incomes somewhere in. Women gaining equality in the workforce threatens undermining men's privileges in any other realm they wish, such as authority, family, or political life. Regions FOIA. The Family and Medical Leave Act of has allowed for workers to have up to 12 weeks a year to leave work. The participation rate of women ages 25 to 54 has fallen since Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. She distilled her research to list over jobs that were open to women as well as the information about the jobs and potential availability for women. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. Pseudo Programs, a Manhattan-based Internet TV network, was sued in January after male employees referred to female employees as "bimbos" and forced them to look at sexually explicit material on the Internet. In the following chart we show just how skewed the gender distribution of unpaid care work in the household is.
The withdrawal of single women from the labor force in part reflects that more of them are going to school. These articles presented the home as a woman's proper domain, which she was expected to run. As an example, the following visualization shows female labor force participation rates in the US, differentiated by marital status. A number of international laws have been ratified to address human trafficking of women and children. This ended after government intervention and the passing of the Mines and Collieries Act , an early attempt at regulating the workplace. Breadcrumb WB. A form of discrimination in the workplace is sex segregation. Gender and Education, The charts above provide evidence regarding the expansion of female labor supply via higher participation rates. Women's Bureau Contact Us. Within Africa there is a negative correlation the poorest countries have the highest participation rates , while in Europe there is a positive correlation the richest European countries have the highest participation rates. The statistical information illustrates the dramatic difference between men and women in regards to finances. The reasons for these differences may be differences in biology or in the work that women are performing. Statistical discrimination in the workplace is unintentional discrimination based on the presumed probability that a worker will or will not remain with the company for a long period of time. Pseudo Programs, a Manhattan-based Internet TV network, was sued in January after male employees referred to female employees as "bimbos" and forced them to look at sexually explicit material on the Internet.